Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Deep vein thrombosis is clots in the veins that sometimes give rise to clots in the lungs.  Possible signs and symptoms of deep vein thrombosis or DVT for short include swelling of the leg, dilation of the veins, increased skin temperature, pain and tenderness, and, rarely, a bluish discoloration of the lower leg. Sometimes, there are no signs or symptoms of DVT.  There are also no characteristic signs or symptoms of lung clots, meaning the signs and symptoms are very nonspecific, such as fever, chest pain, cough, or changes in heart beat. Although other measures are sometimes used, the most common form of treatment for DVT is the use of anticoagulants.

More technical:  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism is a potentially severe complication of spinal cord injury. Changes in the normal neurologic control of the blood vessels can result in stasis or "sludging".  DVT in the lower leg is almost universal during the early phases of recovery and rehabilitation. Thromboses in the thigh, however, are a great concern, as they are at risk for becoming dislodged and passing through the vascular tree to the lungs. A major obstruction of the arteries leading to the lung can potentially be fatal. Therapeutic measures to reduce or eliminate the risk for deep vein thrombosis include Ace wrapping of the legs and the use of pneumatic compression stockings. Medications administered subcutaneously, such as heparin, are useful in reducing blood viscosity and improving flow. In the event that a thrombosis develops, treatment is begun with intravenous heparin. Once adequate anticoagulation is provided, the patient is switched to an oral medication, called Coumadin.